English laws from that era read the same, if not better. Charles I put up a damn good legal defense, and the people who killed him were running a godddamn kangaroo court. Yet these same English protestants would go on to found America and purport to lecture us about "due process"
The functions performed by our secular judiciary were traditionally performed by a priestly caste. In primitive societies it still works like that. When you delete religion entirely from government, you are forced to invent these novel institutions to fill in the gaps.